![]() Hypovolemia can be caused by several conditions including dehydration, chronic bleeding, adrenal insufficiency, diabetes insipidus, diarrhea, and chronic vomiting.Ĭardiac pump failure refers to when the heart cannot pump blood sufficiently enough to maintain blood flow to meet the demands of the body and can be associated with heart block, disorders of heart rhythm (tachyarrhythmias), narrowing (stenosis) of the main artery of the body (aorta), or a heart attack (myocardial infarction). Non-neurogenic causes can include hypovolemia, cardiac pump failure, and venous pooling. A variety of drugs that interfere with the autonomic nervous system’s reflexes can also cause OH, such as certain antipsychotic (i.e., phenothiazine) and antidepressant drugs. Commonly used vasodilator drugs include levodopa for Parkinson’s disease, nitroglycerine and drugs taken to treat erectile dysfunction (sildenafil, tadalafil). A common cause of OH is the decrease in volume of circulating blood (hypovolemia) resulting from excessive use of medications that increase urination and sodium loss (diuretics), or from drug therapy that widens blood vessels (vasodilators) for the treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure or chest pains (i.e., calcium blockers and nitrates). OH can be caused by certain chemotherapy drugs which can cause an autonomic neuropathy. Most idiopathic cases are believed to have an underlying neurogenic cause. In many cases, the underlying cause of OH remains unknown or unproven (idiopathic). Some sources break down the causes of OH into drugs, non-neurogenic, primary neurogenic and secondary neurogenic causes. Orthostatic hypotension may be a temporary condition or one that occurs consistently over time (chronic). ![]() Supine hypertension complicates treatment options for affected individuals. Some individuals with NOH may also have high blood pressure when lying down (supine hypertension). Some individuals with NOH develop postprandial hypotension, which is defined as the development or worsening of hypotension approximately 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating a meal, particularly large meals high in carbohydrates. OH is often more common and more severe in the morning. Symptoms of OH on standing have been aggravated by raised ambient heat, such as hot weather, hot shower, hot tub, or when an affected individual has a fever. The constant dropping and raising of blood pressure associated with OH has also been identified as a risk factor in the development of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. There may be a gradual build up to an episode of syncope or it can occur suddenly.Ī serious complication of OH is the risk of falling, which can lead to physical damage such as a broken hip or other broken bones. Additional symptoms can include chest pain (angina), head and neck pain (often affecting neck and shoulders with a coat hanger distribution), and a decline in cognitive functioning such as difficulty concentrating.Īffected individuals may experience a temporary loss of consciousness or “blackout,” a condition known as syncope. Common symptoms can include dizziness, lightheadedness, generalized weakness, leg buckling, nausea, blurry vision, fatigue, and headaches. When symptoms occur they can vary greatly in expression from one individual to another. In some people, there may not be any noticeable symptoms despite a sudden and extreme drop in blood pressure upon rising from a reclining position. 5 Myths About Orphan Drugs and the Orphan Drug Act.Information on Clinical Trials and Research Studies.
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